No, the Big 5 Personality Model measures unique traits of the individual based on five factors:
- Openness to Experience: (Inventive/Curious vs. Consistent/Cautious).
- Conscientiousness: (Efficient/Organized vs. Extravagant/Careless).
- Extroversion: (Outgoing/Energetic vs. Solitary/Reserved).
- Agreeableness: (Friendly/Compassionate vs. Critical/Judgmental).
- Neuroticism: (Sensitive/Nervous vs. Resilient/Confident).
Unlike Myers-Briggs, the Big 5 Personality Model treats each factor as a spectrum, not a category, so thus, it's more accurate and useful in psychological tests, has better predictive explanations for personality, and good explanatory power.
That said, since it is statistically driven, not theory driven, that is, it depends on how the participants answer, it does have some limited scope. So that's a valid critique of it. There's differences cross-culturally, demonstrating that genotypic personality traits that are innate get modified significantly by phenotypic expressions of personality across cultures.
That is to say, you'll get different results depending on the temperament you're born with, and the culture you were raised in. So that's one big critique of the Big 5 Personality Model.
That said, it's the one that has been vindicated the most, so it remains useful.
