Technically you could finish the temples in almost any order as long as all you do is get the main item from inside then continue on, with the exception of the megaton hammer, i dont think you need that in any other temple besides the fire one itself. but im not fully sure
^^^ You need the arrows from the forest temple or else you cant beat the fire temple, not fully sure if you need arrows for the water temple as well, but i would assume
Ive always believed that the shadow temple came first, mainly because thats where navi tells you to go after the water temple, plus the things that happens in kakiriko just makes it seem like thats what you have to do next