You know, I can't really explain how I do it. I know there are doors, stairs and those sloped walls the Goron can roll across. I kind of just keep going up in a circle whenever I can. Just always make your way upward.
There's also a part where you need to knock only the lower two blocks, roll your way up to get the boss key- and then you need to reset the pillar, knock out all the blocks, and make your way up once more.
Here's a strategy guide for it. It's one of those dungeons that's difficult to explain how to get through- it's more like second nature after a few play throughs.